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# SnS Business Context and Decision Memory
This is Codex's detailed, durable context for Samuel James's business planning
center. The root `AGENTS.md` is the automatic entrypoint; this file holds business
direction, priorities, patterns, and owner-confirmed decisions.
Keep this current but compact. It is not a transcript, task backlog, secret store,
or replacement for signed legal records.
## Owner objective
Build family legacy and family wealth through a portfolio of independently operated
businesses and appreciating assets. The portfolio should increase Sam's freedom and
must not create a collection of jobs that depend on his daily labor.
### Owner role
- Owner
- Capital allocator
- Strategist
- Systems designer
- Final approver for material decisions
- Never the permanent daily operator
## Governing principles
1. Take the most direct route to the goal: the shortest useful path between two points.
2. Use data rather than emotion, optimism, or hope. Hope is not a business strategy.
3. If a process works, change it only when the change saves meaningful time or money.
4. Automate reliable repetitive work using tools already available.
5. Work smarter, not harder; protect and increase Sam's time.
6. Build on Biblical and Godly principles.
7. Include a 10% tithe to a church in profit-allocation planning, with CPA review of
bookkeeping and tax treatment.
8. Prefer one strong recommendation over many weak possibilities.
## Holdings doctrine
SnS Network Solutions Holdings exists to hold assets for long-term family legacy and
family wealth.
Non-negotiable owner decision:
- Holdings never borrows.
- Holdings never carries debt.
- Holdings never holds a credit card.
- Holdings holds assets only.
Do not recommend placing operating liabilities, routine vendor contracts, payroll,
consumer-facing activity, or operating-company borrowing in Holdings. Any guarantee,
cross-collateralization, lien, or structural exception requires Sam's explicit choice
after attorney and CPA review.
## Venture priorities
| Priority | Venture | Current direction |
|---:|---|---|
| 1 | SnS Hospitality Group / The Daily Pour | Active focus; launch T00-DRIP and prove the unit |
| 2 | SnS Properties | Build asset ownership and family wealth after/alongside disciplined Hospitality progress |
| 3 | Technology and networking services | Develop as an operator-independent services business |
| 4 | SnS Creative | Future media, music, podcast, and related creative activity |
Priority means allocation of attention, planning effort, and execution sequencing. It
does not authorize spending or legal formation.
## Source-of-truth design
Owner-confirmed direction as of 2026-08-27:
- This Git repository becomes the authoritative business planning center.
- The repository is standalone at `~/Documents/SnS Network Solutions/`.
- Git records change history.
- Selected repository files should synchronize with Google Drive in both directions.
- Signed agreements and execution records may remain in cloud systems, with their
status and canonical location recorded here.
- Plane is expected to be retired; preserve useful project data before removal.
Recommended implementation direction:
- Keep Git authoritative for planning documents, structured data, and generated
business artifacts.
- Keep signed/executed originals authoritative in their execution or approved cloud
system.
- Define an explicit synchronization manifest rather than syncing the entire repo.
- Use conflict detection; never allow unattended last-writer-wins overwrites between
Git and Google Drive.
- Export Plane data into the appropriate entity's `projects/` area before retiring it.
The physical repository move was completed on 2026-08-28. Synchronization automation
is not yet completed.
## Document authority and lifecycle
Use this order:
1. Owner's newest explicit decision
2. Signed/executed legal record or official agency record
3. Current approved specification, quote, or decision record
4. Current working plan
5. Historical draft, projection, mockup, or memory
When a new owner-confirmed decision supersedes an old document:
- Update the current source.
- Move obsolete versions to the relevant `archive/` area.
- Preserve dates and provenance.
- Update links.
- Never allow two files to appear equally authoritative.
## Standard business organization
Use the following only as content requires it:
| Area | Purpose |
|---|---|
| `README.md` | Current entity overview, status, navigation, and next gate |
| `decisions/` | Durable owner decisions and decision rationale |
| `legal/` | Formation, agreements, compliance, and canonical-record references |
| `finance/` | Budgets, models, actuals, funding, and asset allocation |
| `operations/` | SOPs, staffing, vendors, equipment, and recurring controls |
| `marketing/` | Brand, customer acquisition, content, and measured performance |
| `projects/` | Finite initiatives, milestones, checklists, and deliverables |
| `archive/` | Superseded material retained for history |
Avoid empty scaffolding. Prefer clear filenames, one current version, and relative
links from the entity README.
## Hospitality decisions
### Ownership
Owner-confirmed 2026-08-27:
- The legally guaranteed vested ownership is 85% Holdings / 15% Kiowa.
- Kiowa has options that may increase her interest up to 25% under the operating
agreement's terms.
- The operating agreement should state this distinction clearly.
- Do not describe Kiowa as currently owning 25% unless option conditions are completed
and formally recorded.
### Operating Agreement
- Sam confirms the Hospitality operating agreement is signed.
- The authoritative executed copy is stored in Documenso.
- Canonical location:
`https://app.documenso.com/t/personal_netzdizknkwzxrtl/documents/f/cmsatz9g26wtkad1w289yzsxf`
- The agreement contents were not independently readable by Codex on 2026-08-27.
- Repository drafts are not controlling when they conflict with the executed copy.
### Current Daily Pour gate
T00-DRIP remains pre-launch. Sam has hired a Fiverr designer for **$211** to produce
buildout blueprints and is waiting for their return.
The immediate execution sequence is:
1. Receive blueprint package and editable/source deliverables.
2. Check the package against the current equipment, workflow, weight, electrical,
plumbing, winterization, and service-clearance requirements.
3. Correct material defects before agency submission.
4. Submit through the applicable health/building review process and track corrections.
5. Resolve certified food-protection coverage and recruit the operating lead/barista
capability needed for launch.
6. Freeze the approved prototype specification before purchasing or irreversible
buildout.
A repository-backed HTML progress tracker is requested and should become the current
operational checklist for this gate.
## Communication pattern
- State the answer first.
- Use two words when two words are sufficient.
- Add detail only when it changes a decision, prevents a meaningful mistake, or creates
a reusable record.
- Do not give Sam long lists of suggestions that do not serve the overall goal.
- Choose the best option automatically from available evidence.
- Surface a second option only when it is genuinely competitive or the primary choice
depends on unresolved legal, financial, safety, or irreversible facts.
- Do not make Sam repeatedly explain decisions already captured here.
## Decision memory
| Date | Decision | Status |
|---|---|---|
| 2026-08-27 | Holdings exists for family legacy and family wealth | Active |
| 2026-08-27 | Holdings holds assets only and never borrows, carries debt, or holds credit cards | Non-negotiable |
| 2026-08-27 | Venture priority is Hospitality, Properties, Technology, then Creative | Active |
| 2026-08-27 | Sam is owner/capital allocator/strategist, not daily operator | Active |
| 2026-08-27 | Hospitality ownership is guaranteed 85/15 with Kiowa options up to 25% | Active; verify wording against executed OA when available |
| 2026-08-27 | Executed Hospitality OA is authoritative in Documenso | Active |
| 2026-08-28 | Repository is the authoritative planning center and is standalone at `~/Documents/SnS Network Solutions/` | Completed |
| 2026-08-27 | Plane is expected to be retired after useful data is preserved | Planned |
| 2026-08-27 | Newest owner-confirmed document controls; superseded versions move to archive | Active |
| 2026-08-27 | Durable owner decisions are recorded automatically | Active |
| 2026-08-27 | Recommendations default to one best path | Active |
| 2026-08-27 | Profit planning includes a 10% church tithe | Active; accounting treatment pending CPA guidance |
| 2026-08-27 | Route Codex through local Headroom compression by default to reduce token cost; keep Ponytail's minimal-solution discipline active | Active; verify savings from measured usage |
## Maintenance
Update this file when Sam makes a durable decision, changes a venture priority, resolves
a contradiction, crosses a material gate, or changes the operating doctrine. Do not add
routine task updates, conversation history, credentials, private account data, or facts
that belong in a venture source document.

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@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
name: CI
on: [pull_request]
jobs:
check:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- uses: actions/setup-python@v5
with:
python-version: '3.11'
- run: pip install -r requirements.txt 2>/dev/null || true
- run: find . -name '*.py' -exec python -m py_compile {} +

6
.gitignore vendored
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@ -19,9 +19,3 @@ vault-password*
.DS_Store .DS_Store
Thumbs.db Thumbs.db
*.swp *.swp
*:Zone.Identifier
# Generated/downloaded artifacts
__pycache__/
*.py[cod]
*.deb

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@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
# SnS Business Planning Center — Codex Instructions
This directory is Samuel James's business planning and operations center. It is
not primarily a codebase. Optimize for clearer decisions, faster execution,
organized records, and more owner time.
At the start of work anywhere in this directory, read:
1. `.codex/BUSINESS-CONTEXT.md`
2. The nearest business or venture `AGENTS.md`
3. The relevant current source documents only
## Response rules
- Lead with the best recommendation or completed result.
- Use the fewest words that preserve the decision, evidence, and material risk.
- Do not present menus of weak options. Choose the best path automatically.
- Mention another option only when it is genuinely competitive or the decision is
costly, irreversible, legal, or materially uncertain.
- Ask only questions whose answers materially change the result.
- Separate confirmed fact, owner decision, inference, assumption, and unresolved gap.
- Do not confuse a plan, projection, mockup, or candidate with an approved or
completed result.
## Decision rules
- Take the most direct route to the goal.
- Apply the Ponytail ladder: skip what need not exist; otherwise reuse the
repository, standard library, native platform, or an installed dependency
before creating the minimum new implementation. Never reduce security,
validation, accessibility, error handling, or data-loss protection.
- Base business decisions on data, not hope or emotion.
- Improve a working process only when the improvement saves meaningful time or money.
- Automate repetitive work with tools already available when automation is reliable
and cheaper than the repeated manual effort.
- Prefer simple, maintainable systems over impressive complexity.
- Protect Sam's time: the business must reduce owner labor as it matures.
- Incorporate a 10% tithe to a church into profit-allocation planning. Keep accounting
treatment subject to CPA review and the recipient decision with Sam.
## Business boundaries
- The purpose of SnS Network Solutions Holdings is family legacy and family wealth.
- Holdings holds assets only. It must never borrow, guarantee debt, carry debt, or
hold a credit card.
- Operating-company debt, credit, contracts, liabilities, books, and bank activity
remain outside Holdings unless Sam explicitly changes the structure after legal
and tax review.
- Sam's permanent role is owner, capital allocator, and strategist—not daily operator.
- Keep each business entity's files, decisions, assets, obligations, and operations
distinct.
## Repository behavior
- This repository is the authoritative planning center.
- Signed originals and externally executed records may live in approved cloud storage;
Git should record their authoritative location and status.
- Newest owner-confirmed decisions control. Move superseded material to that entity's
`archive/`; update links and do not silently delete history.
- Record durable owner decisions in `.codex/BUSINESS-CONTEXT.md` during the same task.
- Never print secrets. Do not alter owner-managed credentials without exact approval.
- Do not publish, push, send, purchase, borrow, sign, or make legal commitments without
explicit approval.
## Standard entity structure
Use this default until a simpler structure is proven better:
```text
<entity>/
├── README.md
├── decisions/
├── legal/
├── finance/
├── operations/
├── marketing/
├── projects/
└── archive/
```
Do not create empty folders merely to satisfy the template. Create them when content
exists. Venture-specific subfolders may repeat the same structure when separation is
useful.
## Validation
Before reorganizing, inspect both the parent and nested Git states and preserve all
uncommitted work. After moves, verify links and run the applicable validation. Before
commit or push, run the repository's pre-commit checks without printing matched values.

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@ -5,30 +5,31 @@ company for small and medium organizations — networking, Linux systems, securi
cloud, managed services, web, and custom software — structured as a **holding cloud, managed services, web, and custom software — structured as a **holding
company** that owns a separate operating LLC per division. company** that owns a separate operating LLC per division.
This repo holds the **parent-company identity, legal structure, businesses, This repo holds the **parent-company identity, legal structure, and the catalog of
products, infrastructure, project data, and internal AI configuration**. Business divisions**. Each division becomes its own repo (with its own legal + insurance
work is separated by legal entity so a subsidiary can move to its own repository paperwork) as it launches. Business #1, **SNS Infrastructure**, is active.
when that becomes operationally useful.
## Structure ## Structure
``` ```
SnS Network Solutions/ sns-network-solutions/
├── ai-core/ Internal AI team + shared knowledge base ├── ai-core/ Internal AI team + shared knowledge base
│ ├── agents/ chief · scout · scribe (OpenClaw agents) │ ├── agents/ chief · scout · scribe (OpenClaw agents)
│ └── knowledge/ sns.md (brand foundation) + research/reference docs │ └── knowledge/ sns.md (brand foundation) + research/reference docs
├── divisions/ Formal documentation library (the catalog) ├── divisions/ Formal documentation library (the catalog)
├── businesses/ Holding company and subsidiary working areas │ ├── sns-network-solutions.md Parent company brief
│ ├── 00-holdings/ │ ├── sns-infrastructure.md + six division briefs
│ ├── sns-creatives-llc/ │ ├── legal-structure.md Indiana holding-company formation plan
│ ├── sns-hospitality-group/ │ └── investment-research.md Owner investment research (reference)
│ ├── sns-properties-llc/ └── businesses/ Working area — holding company + subsidiaries; each is repo-ready
│ └── sns-technology-group/ ├── 00-sns-holding/ Parent holding company (owns the brand + all subsidiaries)
├── infra/ Networking, support, and digital infrastructure ├── 01-infrastructure/ ACTIVE — hiring, comp, cash-flow, branding, todo
├── plane-projects/ Plane project schemas and work-item exports ├── 02-secure/ Planned
├── products/ Product-specific implementation and planning ├── 03-support/ Planned
├── scripts/ Repository utility scripts ├── 04-systems/ Planned
└── docs/ Shared coding and operating standards ├── 05-cloud/ Planned
├── 06-web/ Planned
└── 07-software/ Planned
``` ```
## How it's organized ## How it's organized
@ -38,11 +39,9 @@ SnS Network Solutions/
- **`divisions/`** = the formal documentation library — the parent-company brief, - **`divisions/`** = the formal documentation library — the parent-company brief,
the polished one-page brief for each division, plus the holding-company legal plan the polished one-page brief for each division, plus the holding-company legal plan
and investment research. and investment research.
- **`businesses/`** = legal-entity working areas, including corporate, operational, - **`businesses/`** = the working area: scaffold, research, TODO, branding, and (later)
financial, product, and branding material. Keep entity boundaries explicit. milestones. Directories are **numbered by importance**; each folder is self-contained
- **`infra/`** = infrastructure designs and service-specific operational material. so it can lift out into its own repo when the division launches.
- **`plane-projects/`** = versioned project-management schemas and work data.
- **`products/`** = product implementation and planning that spans a business unit.
- **Branding:** all divisions share one identity (navy base) and differ only by a - **Branding:** all divisions share one identity (navy base) and differ only by a
signature accent color. Each business folder has a `branding.html` (color sheet + signature accent color. Each business folder has a `branding.html` (color sheet +
a copy-ready ChatGPT logo prompt). Foundation: [`ai-core/knowledge/sns.md`](./ai-core/knowledge/sns.md). a copy-ready ChatGPT logo prompt). Foundation: [`ai-core/knowledge/sns.md`](./ai-core/knowledge/sns.md).
@ -52,9 +51,8 @@ SnS Network Solutions/
- New to the company → [`ai-core/knowledge/sns.md`](./ai-core/knowledge/sns.md) · parent brief [`divisions/sns-network-solutions.md`](./divisions/sns-network-solutions.md) - New to the company → [`ai-core/knowledge/sns.md`](./ai-core/knowledge/sns.md) · parent brief [`divisions/sns-network-solutions.md`](./divisions/sns-network-solutions.md)
- Legal / entity plan → [`divisions/legal-structure.md`](./divisions/legal-structure.md) - Legal / entity plan → [`divisions/legal-structure.md`](./divisions/legal-structure.md)
- Division catalog → [`divisions/README.md`](./divisions/README.md) - Division catalog → [`divisions/README.md`](./divisions/README.md)
- Active business → [`businesses/01-infrastructure/`](./businesses/01-infrastructure/)
- All businesses → [`businesses/README.md`](./businesses/README.md) - All businesses → [`businesses/README.md`](./businesses/README.md)
- Infrastructure → [`infra/README.md`](./infra/README.md)
- Coding standards → [`docs/coding-standards.md`](./docs/coding-standards.md)
--- ---
*Docs contain general business/legal/tax research, not professional advice — verify *Docs contain general business/legal/tax research, not professional advice — verify

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@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
# Chief — Skills Registry # Chief — Skills Registry
> **Full repo catalog:** [`docs/ai-skills-repos.md`](../../../../docs/ai-skills-repos.md) (130+ repos, categorized, machine-readable)
Chief's skills are **familiar-with, not expert**. Each is authored here (self-owned, so no Chief's skills are **familiar-with, not expert**. Each is authored here (self-owned, so no
license risk) but draws on public work. This file lists the upstream sources so OpenClaw license risk) but draws on public work. This file lists the upstream sources so OpenClaw
(Claw) can install the permissively-licensed ones and check them for updates. (Claw) can install the permissively-licensed ones and check them for updates.
@ -37,17 +35,6 @@ principle is authored into our own SKILL.md. Link kept only to watch for updates
| [shreyashankar/plain-writing-skill](https://github.com/shreyashankar/plain-writing-skill) | ⚠️ unspecified | plain-language writing | reference only — authored in `report-to-sam` | | [shreyashankar/plain-writing-skill](https://github.com/shreyashankar/plain-writing-skill) | ⚠️ unspecified | plain-language writing | reference only — authored in `report-to-sam` |
| [yetone/kill-ai-slop](https://github.com/yetone/kill-ai-slop) | ⚠️ unspecified | anti-slop | reference only | | [yetone/kill-ai-slop](https://github.com/yetone/kill-ai-slop) | ⚠️ unspecified | anti-slop | reference only |
### Coding Standards / Software Principles (to evaluate)
| Repo | License | Use | Install / update |
|------|---------|-----|------------------|
| [JordanCoin/codingskills](https://github.com/JordanCoin/codingskills) | ⚠️ check | KISS, DRY, SOLID, YAGNI, SoC, Law of Demeter, Boy Scout Rule — language-agnostic agent skills + stack detection | evaluate — closest to what we want |
| [AsyrafHussin/agent-skills](https://github.com/AsyrafHussin/agent-skills) | ⚠️ check | Clean code principles as agent skills — SOLID, naming, error handling | evaluate |
| [ramziddin/solid-skills](https://github.com/ramziddin/solid-skills) | ⚠️ check | SOLID + TDD + clean architecture — "senior-engineer quality" agent skills | evaluate |
| [MickeyKay/agent-standards](https://github.com/MickeyKay/agent-standards) | ⚠️ check | Shared coding standards + reusable workflows + agent-facing instructions | evaluate |
| [obra/superpowers](https://github.com/obra/superpowers) | ⚠️ check | Full agentic skills framework + dev methodology (design → plan → TDD → YAGNI/DRY) | evaluate — more opinionated/workflow-based |
| [msitarzewski/AGENT-ZERO](https://github.com/msitarzewski/AGENT-ZERO) | ⚠️ check | Single AGENTS.md canonical guide — architecture-first, repeatable, auditable delivery | evaluate |
### Install / update notes for Claw ### Install / update notes for Claw
- **Install a ✅ skill:** `npx skills add <owner>/<repo>` (drops it into the skills dir), - **Install a ✅ skill:** `npx skills add <owner>/<repo>` (drops it into the skills dir),
or clone and copy its `SKILL.md` into `skills/<name>/`. or clone and copy its `SKILL.md` into `skills/<name>/`.

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{
"permissions": {
"allow": [
"Bash(pdftotext operations_agreement_review.pdf -)",
"Bash(pdftotext \"certificate-of-organization.pdf\" -)"
]
}
}

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# SnS Network Solutions Holdings LLC — Compliance & Maintenance Reminders
**Entity:** SnS Network Solutions Holdings LLC
**State:** Indiana (St. Joseph County)
**EIN:** 42-4099038
**Formation date:** July 27, 2026
**Registered agent:** Samuel S. James, 759 Boxwood Drive, South Bend, IN 46641
**Admin domain:** snsnetworksolutions.net
**Tools:** Google Workspace (Drive, Docs, Sheets, Calendar)
---
## Annual / Recurring Obligations
### 1. Business Entity Report (every 2 years)
| Field | Detail |
|-------|--------|
| **What** | Indiana Business Entity Report |
| **Due** | Every 2 years, in your formation anniversary month (**July**) |
| **First due** | **July 2028** |
| **Cost** | $32 online |
| **Where** | [INBiz](https://inbiz.in.gov) → My Filings → File a Report |
| **Consequence of missing** | Administrative dissolution — the LLC ceases to exist in the eyes of the state |
**How to file:**
1. Log into INBiz (your account is already set up — see `inbiz-account-setup.md`)
2. Navigate to your entity: SnS Network Solutions Holdings LLC
3. Click "File a Report"
4. Confirm: registered agent name/address, principal office, member name
5. Pay $32 (card)
6. Save the confirmation receipt to Google Drive → `Holdings/Compliance/`
**Calendar reminder:** Set for June 1 of every even year (2028, 2030, 2032…) — gives you a full month buffer before the July deadline.
---
### 2. Registered Agent Obligation (ongoing)
You are your own registered agent. This means:
- You must be **available at 759 Boxwood Drive during normal business hours** to accept service of process (legal papers, state correspondence)
- If you move, travel extended periods, or can't reliably be there — **appoint a commercial registered agent** ($100–300/yr) and update INBiz within 30 days of the change
**If your address changes:**
1. INBiz → entity → "Change of Registered Agent/Office"
2. Update this document
3. Update the Operating Agreement (§2)
---
### 3. Tax Filing (annual)
| Field | Detail |
|-------|--------|
| **Federal** | As a single-member LLC, the entity is **disregarded** — report on your personal 1040 (Schedule C or Schedule E depending on activity) |
| **Indiana state** | Indiana does not have a separate LLC annual tax/franchise tax. Your LLC income flows to your personal Indiana IT-40. |
| **Due** | April 15 (same as personal return) — or extension deadline (October 15) |
**When this changes:**
- If you elect S-corp treatment → Form 1120-S due March 15 + K-1 to yourself
- If you add members → partnership return (Form 1065) due March 15
**For now:** Nothing extra to file. Your CPA handles it with your personal return. Just keep Holdings income/expenses tracked separately (even if $0).
---
### 4. Bookkeeping (ongoing — even if $0)
Maintain a separate ledger for Holdings, even if nothing flows through it yet. This proves the entity is real and separate from you personally.
**Minimum:**
- Dedicated bank account (no personal transactions through it)
- Track: any capital contributions, any distributions, any expenses (filing fees, LegalShield, domain renewal)
- Year-end: produce a simple P&L and balance sheet (even if it's $32 filing fee and $0 revenue)
**Tool:** Google Sheets → `Holdings/Financials/` — one sheet per year is fine until there's real volume.
---
### 5. Domain Renewal
| Domain | Registrar | Renews | Cost |
|--------|-----------|--------|------|
| snsnetworksolutions.net | TBD — confirm | TBD — confirm | ~$12–15/yr |
**Action:** Confirm the registrar and renewal date. Set a calendar reminder 30 days before expiry. Consider enabling auto-renew.
---
## One-Time Items (do once, then done)
| Item | Status | Notes |
|------|--------|-------|
| Sign the Operating Agreement | **TODO** | Print, sign, date, scan to Drive `Holdings/Legal/` |
| Open Holdings bank account | **TODO** | Bring: EIN letter (CP 575 G) + signed OA + certificate of organization |
| Store formation docs in Drive | **TODO** | Certificate of org, EIN letter, signed OA, INBiz receipt → `Holdings/Legal/` |
| Set calendar reminders | **TODO** | BER (June 1, 2028), domain renewal, LegalShield renewal |
---
## Subsidiary Formation Checklist (repeat per sub)
When you form a new subsidiary under Holdings:
1. Confirm name on INBiz
2. File Articles of Organization ($95) — list Holdings LLC as sole member
3. Get EIN for the sub (IRS online, free)
4. Draft subsidiary operating agreement — Holdings as sole member
5. Open subsidiary bank account (separate from Holdings and personal)
6. Record the subsidiary in Holdings' decision log
7. Set the sub's own BER reminder (2 years from its formation month)
---
## Key Dates Summary
| Date | Event | Action |
|------|-------|--------|
| July 27, 2026 | Formation | Done ✅ |
| **June 1, 2028** | BER reminder fires | File report on INBiz ($32) before end of July 2028 |
| **July 2028** | BER deadline | Must be filed or entity faces admin dissolution |
| Every 2 years after | BER | Repeat |
| April 15 annually | Tax (personal return includes Holdings) | CPA handles — just provide the separate Holdings ledger |
---
## Where Things Live
| What | Where |
|------|-------|
| Legal docs (signed OA, cert of org, EIN) | Google Drive → `Holdings/Legal/` |
| Compliance receipts (BER confirmations) | Google Drive → `Holdings/Compliance/` |
| Financials (ledger, P&L) | Google Sheets → `Holdings/Financials/` |
| This repo (working docs, drafts, branding) | `SnS Network Solutions/businesses/00-holdings/` |
| Passwords/secrets | Bitwarden |
---
*This is a maintenance checklist, not legal advice. Confirm deadlines with your CPA and attorney.*

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@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
# INBiz Account Registration — Answers on File
Answers given during the INBiz account onboarding survey (not part of the
actual Articles of Organization filing — this is the site's account setup
questionnaire). Recorded here so the same answers can be reused/checked for
consistency when registering future subsidiaries under the same INBiz account.
**Date:** 2026-07-27
| # | Question | Answer |
|---|----------|--------|
| 1 | What is your role? | Business Owner |
| 2 | Primary reason for visiting INBiz? | Start a Business |
| 3 | Which state services are you most interested in? | Start a Business (Register a business, Obtain Tax ID/FEIN) |
| 4 | Size of business (number of employees)? | 0 — Holding company has no employees; it does no operating/client work (see `docs/operating-agreement.md` §1) |
| 5 | Industry / NAICS code? | 551112 — Offices of Other Holding Companies |
| 6 | Are you an Indiana resident? | Yes — St. Joseph County |

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# Kiowa Equity & Vesting Framework — Legal / Paperwork / Business-Scout Role
> **Draft / template — not legal advice.** Working draft for LegalShield / an
> Indiana-licensed attorney and a CPA to review before granting any equity or
> having Kiowa sign anything. Items in `[brackets]` need confirmation. This
> framework is meant to be applied **fresh, per venture** — it is not a Holdings-level
> equity grant. Kiowa is **not** a Member of SnS Network Solutions Holdings LLC;
> Samuel S. James remains its sole owner (see `docs/operating-agreement.md`).
## 1. Purpose and Scope
This framework governs the Membership Interest granted to **`[Kiowa's full legal
name]`** ("Kiowa") in any subsidiary LLC of SnS Network Solutions Holdings LLC
("Holdings") that Kiowa originates, sources, or brings to Samuel S. James
("Sam") for launch, starting with **Foodtruck1 LLC**. It is designed to be
reused, with fresh numbers, for every future venture Kiowa brings — each
venture gets its own independent grant and vesting clock; performance on one
venture has no effect on any other.
Kiowa's role per venture is legal/paperwork (entity formation, EIN
applications) and business sourcing/scouting. Sam's role is to secure and
contribute the venture's capital.
## 2. The Grant
- **Interest granted:** 15% Membership Interest in the specific subsidiary LLC.
- **Cash contribution required:** $0. Kiowa contributes no capital; the
interest is granted for services (formation work + sourcing the venture).
- **Holdings' interest:** the remaining 85% of that subsidiary is held by
Holdings, preserving Sam's ownership inside the holding structure (see
`../04-foodtruck1/requirements.md` for how this applies to Foodtruck1
specifically).
- **Membership status:** Kiowa is admitted as a full Member (voting +
economic rights) of that subsidiary as of the **Formation Date**, subject to
the vesting and forfeiture terms in §3–§4 below.
- **Formation Date** vs. **Opening Date:** the subsidiary's Formation Date
(Articles of Organization filed) may precede its **Opening Date** (the day
the venture actually begins revenue-generating operations — e.g., the day
Foodtruck1 first serves a paying customer). The vesting clock in §3 runs
from the **Opening Date**, not the Formation Date.
`[TODO: record the actual Opening Date for each venture in that venture's
own requirements/planning doc as soon as it occurs — this date controls
the entire vesting schedule below.]`
## 3. Vesting Schedule
Measured from the Opening Date, cumulative net profit is tracked against
**Sam's total invested capital** in that specific venture (see §5 for both
definitions).
| Milestone | Vests | Condition |
|---|---|---|
| 3 months | 3.75% (cumulative 3.75%) | Time-based, unconditional |
| 6 months | 3.75% (cumulative 7.50%) | Time-based, unconditional |
| 9 months | 3.75% (cumulative 11.25%) | Time-based, unconditional |
| 12 months | final 3.75% (cumulative 15.00%) | **Conditional** — only vests if cumulative net profit has reached **2x** Sam's invested capital by month 12 |
**Acceleration.** If cumulative net profit reaches 2x Sam's invested capital
at **any point before** the 12-month mark, Kiowa's interest immediately
vests in full (15%), regardless of which quarter has or hasn't passed.
**Forfeiture.** If cumulative net profit has **not** reached 2x Sam's
invested capital by the 12-month mark, the final 3.75% tranche is
**permanently forfeited** and reverts to Holdings. Kiowa retains whatever
vested through month 9 (up to 11.25%, depending on how many quarterly
milestones had passed). There is no later opportunity to earn the forfeited
tranche back for that venture.
`[TODO: confirm this is intended to be final/permanent, with no cure period —
that is the current design.]`
## 4. Per-Venture Independence
Each venture Kiowa brings gets its own grant, its own Opening Date, its own
invested-capital figure, and its own 12-month vesting clock, entirely
independent of every other venture. Underperformance (or over-performance)
on one venture has no bearing on her interest in any other.
## 5. Definitions
- **"Sam's invested capital"** — cumulative cash Sam or Holdings contributes
to that specific subsidiary, as recorded in that subsidiary's own capital
account (same mechanism as Holdings §6). Only actual contributed capital
counts — not the value of Sam's time, brand, or other in-kind
contributions, unless the parties agree in writing to value and include
those.
- **"Cumulative net profit"** — the venture's net profit from the Opening
Date forward.
`[TODO — CPA review: define precisely — GAAP accrual vs. cash basis,
whether Kiowa's own compensation/draws (if any) are expensed before or
after this calculation, and how it's measured/certified (e.g., monthly
bookkeeping close) so there's no dispute at the 12-month checkpoint.]`
## 6. Tax Treatment
`[TODO — CPA/attorney review, before any grant is made:]`
- This is intended to qualify as a **profits interest** (not a capital
interest) for federal tax purposes under Rev. Proc. 93-27 / 2001-43, so
that Kiowa does not recognize taxable income upon grant. This is most
straightforward for a brand-new venture with no existing value at grant
(e.g., Foodtruck1 pre-launch); confirm the analysis separately for any
future venture that already has value by the time Kiowa joins.
- Because the interest carries a real forfeiture condition (§3), it likely
has a "substantial risk of forfeiture" for tax purposes regardless of it
being called a full grant on day one. **Recommend Kiowa file a protective
Section 83(b) election within 30 days of each grant date** — this is a
hard IRS deadline with no extensions, and it is the single highest-stakes
item in this entire arrangement if missed.
- Confirm whether the subsidiary needs its own EIN/partnership return
implications once Kiowa is admitted (same multi-member consequences
already flagged in Holdings' own operating agreement §8).
## 7. Relationship to Other Documents
- Kiowa's confidentiality obligations (including access to Sam's personal
information during formation/EIN work) are governed separately by
`nda-formation-partner.md` — that NDA applies regardless of which
ventures she ends up vesting into.
- Each subsidiary's own operating agreement (e.g., Foodtruck1's, still to be
drafted) should incorporate this framework's specific numbers for that
venture as the basis of Kiowa's Membership Interest, rather than repeating
bespoke terms — this doc is the source of truth for the deal logic.
- "Maintaining her value" as a legal/paperwork/scout resource is **not**
itself a condition on the equity — it's deliberately left out of the
vesting/forfeiture mechanics because it isn't an objective, enforceable
standard. The 2x/12-month profit test is the sole trigger. If ongoing
service expectations need to be enforced separately, that belongs in a
services description, not the equity terms.
---
`[TODO — attorney review: confirm this entire framework, especially the
repurchase/forfeiture mechanics and the 83(b) election timing, before
granting any interest under it.]`

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# Legal Services — On File
**Provider:** LegalShield
**Plan:** Legal Small Business Basic
**Membership #:** 10179059992
**Cost:** $59.95/mo
**Enrolled:** 2026-07-27
## Use this for
The attorney-review items flagged throughout `docs/operating-agreement.md` /
`docs/operating-agreement.html` — currently:
- §8 Tax Treatment (classification across parent + subsidiaries)
- §9 Liability and Indemnification (scope/exceptions)
- §10 Succession on Death or Incapacity (successor order, age-40 conditions, trust
structure, Durable Power of Attorney)
- §11 Transfer of Membership Interest (economic vs. management rights, security
interests, single-member status)
Also the intended channel for the estate-planning side of §10 (will/trust naming
Ethan and Micah's age-40 condition, trustee designation) — confirm whether the
Small Business Basic plan covers estate planning or whether that needs a separate
LegalShield add-on / referral.

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# Non-Disclosure Agreement — Business Formation & Personal Information
> **Draft / template — not legal advice.** Working draft for LegalShield / an
> Indiana-licensed attorney to review before either party signs. Items in
> `[brackets]` need to be filled in or confirmed with counsel.
**Disclosing Party:** Samuel S. James, individually, and in his capacity as sole
member of SnS Network Solutions Holdings LLC ("Holdings"), on behalf of Holdings and
its current and future subsidiaries (collectively, the "Company")
**Receiving Party:** `Kiowa Scott`, of `[address]`
**Effective date:** `[date]`
---
## 1. Purpose
The Receiving Party is assisting the Company with (a) preparing and filing business
formation paperwork (e.g., Articles of Organization with the Indiana Secretary of
State / INBiz) for new subsidiary entities, (b) applying for Employer Identification
Numbers (EINs) with the IRS on behalf of those subsidiaries, and (c) participating as
a Member of Foodtruck1 LLC, the Company's first subsidiary venture in which the
Receiving Party holds a direct ownership interest (together, the "Purpose"). This
Agreement governs the Receiving Party's access to and use of Confidential Information
in connection with the Purpose.
## 2. Confidential Information
"Confidential Information" means any non-public information disclosed to or
accessed by the Receiving Party in connection with the Purpose, including without
limitation:
- **Personal information of Samuel S. James**, including Social Security Number,
date of birth, home address, banking and financial account details, government-
issued identification numbers, and information contained in IRS or state
correspondence (e.g., EIN confirmation notices, Secretary of State filings);
- Business and financial information of Holdings and any subsidiary not yet public,
including formation plans, ownership structure, financial statements, bank account
information, contracts, and business strategy;
- For Foodtruck1 LLC specifically, any menu, recipe, supplier, pricing, staffing, or
operational information not yet public, even though the Receiving Party is a Member
of that entity — this Agreement governs the Receiving Party's obligations **to
third parties**, not access between Members themselves.
Confidential Information does **not** include information that: (a) is or becomes
publicly available through no fault of the Receiving Party; (b) was already
lawfully known to the Receiving Party before disclosure, as shown by contemporaneous
written records; (c) is independently developed without use of the Confidential
Information; or (d) is required to be disclosed by law, court order, or government
authority, provided the Receiving Party gives the Disclosing Party prompt written
notice (where legally permitted) before disclosing.
## 3. Obligations of the Receiving Party
The Receiving Party shall:
- Use Confidential Information **solely** for the Purpose;
- Not disclose Confidential Information to any third party without the Disclosing
Party's prior written consent, except as required to complete a specific filing
(e.g., submitting information to the Indiana Secretary of State or the IRS as part
of the Purpose itself);
- Protect Confidential Information with at least the same degree of care used to
protect the Receiving Party's own confidential information, and no less than
reasonable care (e.g., not storing Social Security Numbers or banking details in
unsecured files, shared drives, or unencrypted messages);
- Not use Confidential Information for the Receiving Party's own benefit or any
purpose outside the Purpose (for example, not using Samuel S. James's personal
information to open accounts, apply for credit, or take any action unrelated to
the specific filings the Receiving Party is authorized to make);
- Return or securely destroy all Confidential Information (including copies, in any
form) upon the Disclosing Party's request or upon completion of the Purpose,
whichever comes first, except for records the Receiving Party is legally required
to retain (e.g., copies of filings she submitted on the Company's behalf).
## 4. Term
This Agreement is effective as of the date above and continues for as long as the
Receiving Party is engaged in the Purpose, and survives termination of that
engagement:
- **Indefinitely**, with respect to Samuel S. James's personal information (SSN,
financial account details, and similar sensitive personal identifiers); and
- For **`[X years — TODO: confirm with counsel, e.g., 3–5 years]`** after the
engagement ends, with respect to all other Confidential Information.
Termination of the Receiving Party's paperwork/formation role does not, by itself,
affect her separate rights as a Member of Foodtruck1 LLC, which are governed by that
entity's own operating agreement.
## 5. No License; No Employment or Membership Created by This Agreement
Nothing in this Agreement grants the Receiving Party any ownership, license, or
intellectual property rights in the Company's brand, IP, or business, except to the
extent (if any) separately granted in writing (e.g., her Membership Interest in
Foodtruck1 LLC under that entity's operating agreement). This Agreement, by itself,
does not create an employment relationship, a partnership, or membership in Holdings
or any subsidiary other than Foodtruck1.
## 6. Remedies
The Receiving Party acknowledges that unauthorized disclosure or use of Confidential
Information — particularly personal information such as a Social Security Number —
may cause irreparable harm for which monetary damages alone may be inadequate, and
that the Disclosing Party is entitled to seek injunctive relief in addition to any
other remedies available at law or equity.
`[TODO — attorney review: confirm remedies clause and consider whether a liquidated
damages provision is appropriate given the sensitivity of SSN/personal financial data.]`
## 7. Governing Law
This Agreement is governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the
**State of Indiana**, without regard to conflict-of-law principles.
## 8. Miscellaneous
- **Entire agreement.** This Agreement constitutes the entire understanding between
the parties regarding confidentiality of the information described above and
supersedes any prior oral or written understanding on that subject.
- **Amendment.** This Agreement may only be amended in a writing signed by both
parties.
- **Severability.** If any provision is held invalid or unenforceable, the remaining
provisions remain in full force and effect.
`[TODO — attorney review: consider whether this NDA should instead be incorporated
into (or accompanied by) a broader services/independent-contractor agreement covering
her paperwork/formation role, separate from her rights as a Foodtruck1 Member, which
belong in Foodtruck1's own operating agreement.]`
---
## Execution
**DISCLOSING PARTY**
Signature: ______________________________________
Printed name: **Samuel S. James**, individually and on behalf of SnS Network
Solutions Holdings LLC
Date: ______________________________________
<br>
**RECEIVING PARTY**
Signature: ______________________________________
Printed name: **`Kiowa Scott`**
Date: ______________________________________
<br>
*Prepared as a working draft. Review with an Indiana-licensed attorney (e.g., via
LegalShield — see `legal-services.md`) before either party signs.*

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<h1>OPERATING AGREEMENT</h1>
<div class="entity">SnS Network Solutions Holdings LLC</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="meta-bar">
<div><b>Entity type:</b> Single-Member LLC</div>
<div><b>State of formation:</b> Indiana</div>
<div><b>EIN:</b> 42-4099038</div>
<div><b>Effective date:</b> July 28, 2026</div>
</div>
<h2>1. Formation and Purpose</h2>
<p>This Operating Agreement (the "Agreement") is entered into by the undersigned sole
Member, <b>Samuel S. James</b> (the "Member"), to govern the operations of
<b>SnS Network Solutions Holdings LLC</b>, a limited liability company organized under
the Indiana Business Flexibility Act (Indiana Code § 23-18).</p>
<p>The Company is organized as a long-term holding company whose purpose is to acquire,
own, manage, protect, and preserve ownership interests in subsidiary companies,
intellectual property, real property, investments, and other business assets. The Company
exists to provide centralized ownership, governance, and long-term stewardship of its
affiliated enterprises.</p>
<p>The Company is formed to act as a <b>holding company</b>. Its primary purpose is to own,
manage, and oversee its subsidiary entities and other business interests. The Company
is not intended to engage in operating or client-facing business, and the Member shall
conduct the Company's affairs so that any direct operating activities remain incidental
to the Company's primary purpose as a holding company.</p>
<h2>2. Registered Office and Registered Agent</h2>
<ul>
<li><b>Principal office:</b> 759 Boxwood Drive, South Bend, IN 46641</li>
<li><b>Registered agent:</b> Samuel S. James, serving as his own registered agent.</li>
<li><b>Registered office address:</b> 759 Boxwood Drive, South Bend, IN 46641</li>
</ul>
<p>The Member may change the principal office or registered agent at any time, consistent
with Indiana filing requirements.</p>
<h2>3. Member and Ownership</h2>
<p>The sole Member of the Company is <b>Samuel S. James</b>, who holds <b>100%</b> of the
Membership Interest. As the only member, the Member is entitled to all allocations,
distributions, and voting rights of the Company.</p>
<h2>4. Management</h2>
<p>The Company shall be <b>Member-managed</b>. The Member has full and exclusive authority
to make all decisions regarding the Company's business, including, without limitation:</p>
<ul>
<li>Forming, acquiring, financing, and managing subsidiary entities;</li>
<li>Opening and controlling bank and financial accounts;</li>
<li>Entering into contracts and acquiring, owning, licensing, protecting, assigning, and
managing trademarks, service marks, trade names, domain names, copyrights, software,
proprietary systems, trade secrets, patents, marketing assets, branding, and other
intellectual property or business assets for itself or any subsidiary;</li>
<li>Admitting new members (which would require amending this Agreement — see §12).</li>
</ul>
<h2>5. Subsidiary Management</h2>
<p>The Company is authorized to form, acquire, and hold interests in subsidiary limited
liability companies and other entities. The Company shall act as the <b>sole member</b>
(or controlling owner) of such subsidiaries so that the parent–subsidiary relationship
is clearly maintained.</p>
<p>To preserve limited-liability protection for the Company, the Member, and each
subsidiary, the Member shall:</p>
<ul>
<li>Keep the Company's assets, accounts, and records <b>separate</b> from those of every
subsidiary and from any Member's personal affairs (no commingling of funds);</li>
<li>Document ownership of each subsidiary (the Company as sole member) in that
subsidiary's own operating agreement;</li>
<li>Observe ordinary formalities for the Company and each subsidiary.</li>
</ul>
<h2>6. Capital Contributions and Distributions</h2>
<ul>
<li><b>Capital contributions:</b> The Member may contribute capital to the Company as
needed. Contributions are recorded in the Company's books.</li>
<li><b>Distributions:</b> Distributions of available cash or profits are made to the
Member at the times and in the amounts the Member determines, subject to the
Company's financial obligations and applicable law (the Company may not make a
distribution that would render it unable to pay its debts as they come due).</li>
</ul>
<h2>7. Bank Accounts, Books, and Records</h2>
<ul>
<li>The Company shall maintain <b>its own bank account(s)</b>, separate from the Member's
personal accounts and from every subsidiary's accounts.</li>
<li>The Company shall keep accurate books and records of its finances, ownership interests
in subsidiaries, and material decisions.</li>
<li>Records shall be maintained at the principal office and retained as required by
Indiana law.</li>
</ul>
<h2>8. Tax Treatment</h2>
<p>As a single-member LLC, the Company is by default treated as a <b>disregarded entity</b>
for U.S. federal income tax purposes; its income and expenses are reported on the
Member's individual return. The Member may elect a different classification (for
example, S-corporation treatment) by filing the appropriate IRS election.</p>
<ul>
<li><b>EIN:</b> 42-4099038 (IRS Notice CP575G, issued July 27, 2026)</li>
<li><b>Fiscal year:</b> Calendar year (January 1 – December 31)</li>
</ul>
<h2>9. Liability and Indemnification</h2>
<p>To the fullest extent permitted by Indiana law:</p>
<ul>
<li>The Member shall <b>not be personally liable</b> for the debts, obligations, or
liabilities of the Company solely by reason of being a member; and</li>
<li>The Company shall <b>indemnify and hold harmless</b> the Member (and any authorized
manager or agent) against claims, losses, and expenses arising from the good-faith
management of the Company, except for acts of fraud, willful misconduct, or bad
faith.</li>
</ul>
<h2>10. Succession on Death or Incapacity</h2>
<p>If the Member dies or becomes permanently incapacitated, the Member's Membership
Interest shall pass to the Member's successor(s) in interest as determined by applicable
Indiana law, the Member's will, or other estate disposition.</p>
<p>The successor(s) receiving the Member's interest shall be admitted as Member(s) with
the same rights the Member held.</p>
<p>The Company shall <b>not dissolve</b> solely because of the Member's death or
incapacity, and shall continue under the successor Member(s).</p>
<h2>11. Transfer of Membership Interest</h2>
<ul>
<li>The Member may assign, pledge, or transfer all or part of the Membership Interest
at the Member's discretion.</li>
<li>Any transferee that is to hold voting and management rights (rather than purely
economic rights) is admitted as a member only upon amendment of this Agreement
under §12.</li>
</ul>
<h2>12. Amendments</h2>
<p>This Agreement may be amended only by a <b>written instrument signed by the
Member</b> (and by all members if additional members are later admitted). Amendments are
effective on the date stated in the amendment.</p>
<h2>13. Dissolution</h2>
<p>The Company shall continue in perpetuity unless dissolved by:</p>
<ul>
<li>The written election of the Member; or</li>
<li>Operation of Indiana law.</li>
</ul>
<p>Upon dissolution, the Company's assets shall be applied first to creditors (including
the Member, if owed), then distributed to the Member, after which Articles of
Dissolution shall be filed with the Indiana Secretary of State.</p>
<h2>14. Governing Law and Severability</h2>
<p>This Agreement is governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the <b>State
of Indiana</b>. If any provision is held invalid or unenforceable, the remaining
provisions remain in full force and effect.</p>
<h2>15. Definitions</h2>
<dl class="definitions">
<dt>"Company"</dt><dd>SnS Network Solutions Holdings LLC.</dd>
<dt>"Member"</dt><dd>Samuel S. James, and any successor or additional member admitted under this Agreement.</dd>
<dt>"Membership Interest"</dt><dd>the Member's ownership, economic, and (unless limited) management rights in the Company.</dd>
<dt>"Subsidiary"</dt><dd>any entity in which the Company holds a controlling or sole-member interest.</dd>
</dl>
<div class="execution">
<h2 style="margin-top:0">Execution</h2>
<p>The undersigned, being the sole Member of SnS Network Solutions Holdings LLC, adopts
and agrees to this Operating Agreement as of the Effective Date first written above.</p>
<p style="margin-top:28px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.5px;color:var(--navy)">SOLE MEMBER</p>
<div class="sig-line"></div>
<div class="sig-label">Signature</div>
<p style="margin:0"><b>Printed name:</b> Samuel S. James</p>
<div class="sig-line" style="width:40%"></div>
<div class="sig-label">Date</div>
</div>
</div>
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Review with an Indiana-licensed attorney before signing.
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# Operating Agreement for SnS Network Solutions Holdings LLC
**Entity:** SnS Network Solutions Holdings LLC (the "Company")
**State of formation:** Indiana
**EIN:** 42-4099038
**Effective date:** July 28, 2026
---
## 1. Formation and Purpose
This Amended and Restated Operating Agreement (the "Agreement") is entered into by the
undersigned Members, **Samuel S. James**, **Annie Deondria Chatman**, and
**Richard E. Williams** (each a "Member" and collectively the "Members"), to govern
the operations of **SnS Network Solutions Holdings LLC**, a limited liability company
organized under the Indiana Business Flexibility Act (Indiana Code § 23-18). This
Agreement amends and restates the Company's original single-member operating agreement
in full, admitting Annie Deondria Chatman and Richard E. Williams as Members effective
as of the date above.
The Company is formed to act as a **holding company**. Its primary purpose is to own,
manage, and oversee its subsidiary entities and other business interests. The Company
is not intended to engage in operating or client-facing business, and the Members shall
conduct the Company's affairs so as to avoid incurring operating liabilities directly.
## 2. Registered Office and Registered Agent
- **Principal office:** 759 Boxwood Drive, South Bend, IN 46641
- **Registered agent:** Samuel S. James (a Member), serving as his own registered agent.
- **Registered office address:** 759 Boxwood Drive, South Bend, IN 46641
Samuel S. James, as the Member serving in this role, may change the principal office
or registered agent at any time, consistent with Indiana filing requirements.
## 3. Members and Ownership
The Company has three Members, holding the following Membership Interests:
| Member | Membership Interest |
|--------|---------------------|
| Samuel S. James | 97% |
| Annie Deondria Chatman | 1% |
| Richard E. Williams | 2% |
Each Member is admitted with full membership rights — voting, management
participation, and economic rights (allocations and distributions) — in proportion to
their Membership Interest, except as otherwise stated in this Agreement. Allocations of
profit and loss for tax purposes are made in proportion to each Member's Membership
Interest, unless the Members otherwise agree in writing and as permitted by applicable
tax requirements.
## 4. Management
The Company shall be **Member-managed**. Each Member has voting rights in proportion to
their Membership Interest as set out in §3. Actions and decisions of the Company
require the approval of Members holding a **majority of the Membership Interests**.
Because Samuel S. James holds 97% of the Membership Interests, he retains sole
authority to approve or reject any Company decision, including, without limitation:
- Forming, acquiring, financing, and managing subsidiary entities;
- Opening and controlling bank and financial accounts;
- Entering into contracts and holding the Company's brand, intellectual property, and
other assets;
- Admitting new members (which would require amending this Agreement — see §12).
Samuel S. James is designated the Company's day-to-day managing Member, with authority
to conduct ordinary business on the Company's behalf without a separate vote of the
other Members.
## 5. Subsidiary Management
The Company is authorized to form, acquire, and hold interests in subsidiary limited
liability companies and other entities. The Company shall act as the **sole member**
(or controlling owner) of such subsidiaries so that the parent–subsidiary relationship
is clearly maintained.
To preserve limited-liability protection for the Company, the Members, and each
subsidiary, the managing Member shall:
- Keep the Company's assets, accounts, and records **separate** from those of every
subsidiary and from any Member's personal affairs (no commingling of funds);
- Document ownership of each subsidiary (the Company as sole member) in that
subsidiary's own operating agreement;
- Observe ordinary formalities for the Company and each subsidiary.
## 6. Capital Contributions and Distributions
- **Capital contributions:** Members may contribute capital to the Company as needed and
as agreed among the Members. Contributions are recorded in the Company's books against
each Member's capital account.
- **Distributions:** Distributions of available cash or profits are made to the Members
**pro rata in proportion to their Membership Interests**, at the times and in the
amounts the managing Member determines under §4, subject to the Company's financial
obligations and applicable law (the Company may not make a distribution that would
render it unable to pay its debts as they come due).
## 7. Bank Accounts, Books, and Records
- The Company shall maintain **its own bank account(s)**, separate from any Member's
personal accounts and from every subsidiary's accounts.
- The Company shall keep accurate books and records of its finances, ownership interests
in subsidiaries, and material decisions.
- Records shall be maintained at the principal office and retained as required by
Indiana law.
## 8. Tax Treatment
With the admission of Annie Deondria Chatman and Richard E. Williams as Members, the
Company is a multi-member LLC. By default, a multi-member LLC is treated as a
**partnership** for U.S. federal income tax purposes; each Member reports their
proportionate share of income and expense (per §3) on their individual return via a
Schedule K-1. The Members may elect a different classification (for example, taxation
as a corporation) by filing the appropriate IRS election.
- **EIN:** 42-4099038 (IRS Notice CP575G, issued July 27, 2026)
- **Fiscal year:** Calendar year (January 1 – December 31)
## 9. Liability and Indemnification
To the fullest extent permitted by Indiana law:
- No Member shall be **personally liable** for the debts, obligations, or liabilities
of the Company solely by reason of being a member; and
- The Company shall **indemnify and hold harmless** each Member (and any authorized
manager or agent) against claims, losses, and expenses arising from the good-faith
management of the Company **within the scope of the authority granted under this
Agreement**, except for acts of fraud, willful misconduct, bad faith, or acts taken
outside that authority.
## 10. Succession on Death or Incapacity
If any Member dies or becomes permanently incapacitated, that Member's Membership
Interest (economic and management rights) shall pass to that Member's successor(s) in
interest as determined by applicable Indiana law, that Member's will, or other estate
disposition.
The successor(s) receiving a deceased or incapacitated Member's interest shall be
admitted as Member(s) with the same rights that Member held, upon written notice to the
Company and execution of a joinder to this Agreement.
The Company shall **not dissolve** solely because of a Member's death or incapacity,
and shall continue under the remaining and successor Member(s).
## 11. Transfer of Membership Interest
- **Economic vs. management rights.** A Member may assign or transfer the **economic
rights** (right to distributions/profits) in all or part of their membership interest
without that alone making the transferee a member.
- **Admission as a member.** A transferee is admitted as a member — with voting and
management rights — only upon amendment of this Agreement under §12.
- **Security interests.** A Member may pledge or grant a security interest in their
membership interest without that action alone transferring management rights.
- **Transfer among current Members.** Any transfer of Membership Interest among the
current Members does not require a new admission under §12, but shall be recorded in
the Company's books and reflected in an amendment updating §3.
## 12. Amendments
This Agreement may be amended only by a **written instrument signed by Members holding
a majority of the Membership Interests**. Amendments are effective on the date stated
in the amendment.
## 13. Dissolution
The Company shall continue in perpetuity unless dissolved by:
- The written election of Members holding a majority of the Membership Interests; or
- Operation of Indiana law.
Upon dissolution, the Company's assets shall be applied first to creditors (including
any Member, if owed), then distributed to the Members pro rata in proportion to their
Membership Interests, after which Articles of Dissolution shall be filed with the
Indiana Secretary of State.
## 14. Governing Law and Severability
This Agreement is governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the **State
of Indiana**. If any provision is held invalid or unenforceable, the remaining
provisions remain in full force and effect.
## 15. Definitions
- **"Company"** — SnS Network Solutions Holdings LLC.
- **"Member"** — each of Samuel S. James, Annie Deondria Chatman, and Richard E.
Williams, and any successor or additional member admitted under this Agreement.
- **"Membership Interest"** — a Member's ownership, economic, and (unless limited)
management rights in the Company, expressed as a percentage per §3.
- **"Subsidiary"** — any entity in which the Company holds a controlling or
sole-member interest.
---
## Execution
The undersigned, being all of the Members of SnS Network Solutions Holdings LLC, adopt
and agree to this Amended and Restated Operating Agreement as of the Effective Date
first written above.
**MEMBER — 97% Membership Interest**
Signature: ______________________________________
Printed name: **Samuel S. James**
Date: ______________________________________
**MEMBER — 1% Membership Interest**
Signature: ______________________________________
Printed name: **Annie Deondria Chatman**
Date: ______________________________________
**MEMBER — 2% Membership Interest**
Signature: ______________________________________
Printed name: **Richard E. Williams**
Date: ______________________________________
---
*Review with an Indiana-licensed attorney before signing.*

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# Operating Agreement for SnS Network Solutions Holdings LLC
> **Draft / template — not legal advice.** This document is a working draft for a
> single-member Indiana LLC. Have an Indiana-licensed attorney review and finalize it
> before you sign or rely on it. Items in `[brackets]` need your specific information;
> items marked `[TODO — attorney review]` should be confirmed with counsel.
**Entity:** SnS Network Solutions Holdings LLC (the "Company")
**State of formation:** Indiana
**Effective date:** `[Effective Date — the date this Agreement is adopted]`
---
## 1. Formation and Purpose
This Operating Agreement (the "Agreement") is entered into by the undersigned sole
Member, **Samuel S. James** (the "Member"), to govern the operations of **SnS Network
Solutions Holdings LLC**, a limited liability company organized under the Indiana
Business Flexibility Act (Indiana Code § 23-18).
The Company is formed to act as a **holding company**. Its primary purpose is to own,
manage, and oversee its subsidiary entities and other business interests. The Company
does not itself engage in operating or client-facing business, and it holds no
operating liability of its own.
## 2. Registered Office and Registered Agent
- **Principal office:** `[Principal business address — e.g., South Bend, IN]`
- **Registered agent:** `[Registered agent name — the Member may serve as agent]`
- **Registered office address:** `[Indiana street address of the registered agent]`
The Member may change the principal office or registered agent at any time, consistent
with Indiana filing requirements.
## 3. Member and Ownership
The sole Member of the Company is **Samuel S. James**, who holds **100%** of the
membership interest. As the only member, the Member is entitled to all allocations,
distributions, and voting rights of the Company.
## 4. Management
The Company shall be **Member-managed**. The Member has full and exclusive authority to
make all decisions regarding the Company's business, including, without limitation:
- Forming, acquiring, financing, and managing subsidiary entities;
- Opening and controlling bank and financial accounts;
- Entering into contracts and holding the Company's brand, intellectual property, and
other assets;
- Admitting new members (which would require amending this Agreement — see §12).
## 5. Subsidiary Management
The Company is authorized to form, acquire, and hold interests in subsidiary limited
liability companies and other entities. The Company shall act as the **sole member**
(or controlling owner) of such subsidiaries so that the parent–subsidiary relationship
is clearly maintained.
To preserve limited-liability protection for the Company, the Member, and each
subsidiary, the Member shall:
- Keep the Company's assets, accounts, and records **separate** from those of every
subsidiary and from the Member's personal affairs (no commingling of funds);
- Document ownership of each subsidiary (the Company as sole member) in that
subsidiary's own operating agreement;
- Observe ordinary formalities for the Company and each subsidiary.
## 6. Capital Contributions and Distributions
- **Capital contributions:** The Member may contribute capital to the Company as
needed. Contributions are recorded in the Company's books.
- **Distributions:** Distributions of available cash or profits are made to the Member
at the times and in the amounts the Member determines, subject to the Company's
financial obligations and applicable law (the Company may not make a distribution
that would render it unable to pay its debts as they come due).
## 7. Bank Accounts, Books, and Records
- The Company shall maintain **its own bank account(s)**, separate from the Member's
personal accounts and from every subsidiary's accounts.
- The Company shall keep accurate books and records of its finances, ownership
interests in subsidiaries, and material decisions.
- Records shall be maintained at the principal office and retained as required by
Indiana law.
## 8. Tax Treatment
As a single-member LLC, the Company is by default treated as a **disregarded entity**
for U.S. federal income tax purposes; its income and expenses are reported on the
Member's individual return. The Member may elect a different classification (for
example, S-corporation treatment) by filing the appropriate IRS election.
`[TODO — confirm tax treatment and any elections with a CPA/attorney.]`
- **EIN:** `[Company EIN — obtain from the IRS]`
- **Fiscal year:** `[Fiscal year — typically the calendar year]`
## 9. Liability and Indemnification
To the fullest extent permitted by Indiana law:
- The Member shall **not be personally liable** for the debts, obligations, or
liabilities of the Company solely by reason of being a member; and
- The Company shall **indemnify and hold harmless** the Member (and any authorized
manager or agent) against claims, losses, and expenses arising from the good-faith
management of the Company, except for acts of fraud, willful misconduct, or bad faith.
## 10. Succession on Death or Incapacity
If the Member dies or becomes incapacitated, the Member's membership interest shall pass
to the Member's successor(s) in interest as determined by the Member's estate plan, will,
or applicable Indiana law, and such successor(s) shall be admitted as member(s) with the
same rights the Member held. The Company shall **not dissolve** solely because of the
Member's death or incapacity, and shall continue under the successor(s).
`[TODO — coordinate this section with your will / estate plan and confirm with an attorney.]`
## 11. Transfer of Membership Interest
The Member may assign, pledge, or transfer all or part of the membership interest at the
Member's discretion. Any transferee that is to hold voting/management rights (rather than
purely economic rights) is admitted as a member only upon amendment of this Agreement
under §12.
## 12. Amendments
This Agreement may be amended only by a **written instrument signed by the Member** (and
by all members if additional members are later admitted). Amendments are effective on the
date stated in the amendment.
## 13. Dissolution
The Company shall continue in perpetuity unless dissolved by:
- The written election of the Member; or
- Operation of Indiana law.
Upon dissolution, the Company's assets shall be applied first to creditors (including the
Member, if owed), then distributed to the Member, after which Articles of Dissolution
shall be filed with the Indiana Secretary of State.
## 14. Governing Law and Severability
This Agreement is governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the **State of
Indiana**. If any provision is held invalid or unenforceable, the remaining provisions
remain in full force and effect.
## 15. Definitions
- **"Company"** — SnS Network Solutions Holdings LLC.
- **"Member"** — Samuel S. James, and any successor or additional member admitted under
this Agreement.
- **"Membership Interest"** — the Member's ownership, economic, and (unless limited)
management rights in the Company.
- **"Subsidiary"** — any entity in which the Company holds a controlling or sole-member
interest.
---
## Execution
The undersigned, being the sole Member of SnS Network Solutions Holdings LLC, adopts and
agrees to this Operating Agreement as of the Effective Date first written above.
**SOLE MEMBER**
Signature: ______________________________________
Printed name: **Samuel S. James**
Date: ______________________________________
<br>
*Prepared as a working draft. Review with an Indiana-licensed attorney before signing.*

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